Ireland’s Residential Property Market Analysis 2025

Sales prices and rents in the Irish housing market continue to climb, driven by a combination of resilient demand, fueled by population growth and a robust labor market, with sustained supply shortages across both sectors.

This extended overview from Global Property Guide covers key aspects of the Irish housing market and takes a closer look at its most recent developments and long-term trends.

Table of Contents

• Housing Market Snapshot
• Historic Perspective
• Demand Highlights
• Supply Highlights
• Rental Market
• Mortgage Market
• Socio-Economic Context

Housing Market Snapshot

Residential property prices in Ireland continued to rise, driven by a persistent imbalance between robust demand and limited supply. According to the Central Statistics Office (CSO), the nationwide Residential Property Price Index increased by 7.94% year-on-year in May 2025 (6.15% when adjusted for inflation). This marks a 0.67% rise compared to April 2025 but remains below the May 2024 growth rate of 8.50% (5.70% inflation-adjusted). Detached houses saw a stronger annual increase of 8.08% (6.29% inflation-adjusted), while apartment prices rose by 6.97% (5.20% inflation-adjusted).

Ireland's house price annual change:

Data Source: Central Statistics Office Ireland.

Data from property platform Daft.ie shows that the average listed price for residential units across Ireland reached EUR 357,851 (USD 405,731) in the second quarter of 2025, representing a 12.3% increase year-on-year. Price growth was recorded across all regional submarkets, with Dublin continuing to post the highest average prices. "The average listed price of a home in the second quarter of 2025 reflects the highest rate of inflation nationally in a decade <…> The market is seeing double-digit increases in prices more or less across the board," notes Ronan Lyons, Associate Professor in Economics at Trinity College Dublin.

Housing asking price dynamics in key submarkets:

Looking ahead, market fundamentals suggest continued upward pressure on prices, underpinned by a positive economic outlook, persistent demand, expansionary fiscal policies, and lower interest rates, all against the backdrop of ongoing housing undersupply. However, industry experts warn that the current pace of price inflation is unlikely to be sustained. Gerard O'Toole, Vice President of the Society of Chartered Surveyors of Ireland (SCSI), states: "Our survey responses [of the SCSI members] suggest agents believe there will be a shift towards more balanced growth expectations with less emphasis on rapid price increases. Given the affordability challenges facing all buyers, particularly first-time buyers, a slowdown or period of market stabilization would be most welcome." A partial moderation in price growth may also arise from an increase in housing supply, supported by record levels of new housing starts in 2024. Nevertheless, Mr. O'Toole highlights that supply shortages will continue to constrain the market until annual housing completions surpass 40,000 units.

Meanwhile, Ronan Lyons notes that pressures in the second-hand housing market may begin to ease, as homeowners who secured fixed mortgage rates in late 2021 approach the end of their fixed terms, potentially increasing the volume of resale listings. He observes that early signs of changing market conditions are becoming apparent in Dublin, where the number of second-hand homes listed for sale over the past year has not declined, as seen in other regions, but instead has grown slightly. "An improvement in the flow onto the market and in the overall availability should moderate price growth in the capital in the coming months [of the second half of 2025]. And, as more and more homeowners roll off fixed-rate mortgages, the same trend may become evident elsewhere," he stated in his foreword to the Daft.ie report.

Historic Perspective:

Longer Market Cycles with Sharp Fluctuations

After being known as one of Europe's poorest countries with high unemployment and mass emigration for almost two centuries, Ireland shifted gears in the 1990s, achieving over the next two decades a remarkable economic growth that has become referred to as the "Celtic Tiger". The term compared Ireland's rapid development to that of the so-called "East-Asian Tigers": Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong - all experiencing economic expansions in the 1980s and 1990s.

During that era, the average home price in Ireland went up over 330% in the secondary market and over 250% in the new housing market between 1996 and 2006, marking it as one of Europe's longest and biggest booms. However, when the global financial crisis hit, the market crashed into one of Europe's worst property busts, with nominal house prices falling 53% from their peak in 2007 to the lowest point in 2012. Construction activity drastically slowed down during this time as well: by 2012, the total number of planning permits issued dropped to just over 6,200 units, with only about 4,000 dwellings started, compared to nearly 78,000 units commenced annually at the height of the boom.

The market slowly started to recover in 2013, with house prices rising by 1.3% (0.8% inflation-adjusted), followed by the dramatic surge of 16.5% (16.3% inflation-adjusted) in 2014, mainly due to the overall Irish economy picking up pace and expanding by 8.8% in 2014 after 6 years of either decline or only slight growth not exceeding 2%. A strong growth of about 10% annually, on average, continued until 2019, when the dynamic slowed down to a 2.3% annual growth in prices (1.4% inflation-adjusted), reacting to the mortgage lending restrictions implemented by the Irish Government since 2015, as well as the overall uncertainty about Brexit. The volume of residential construction activity was also increasing during this time - up to over 38,000 authorized units and over 26,000 commenced units in 2019 - although not nearly approaching the pre-crisis levels of the mid-2000s.

Amid the onset of the pandemic in 2020, Irish house prices showed marginal growth of 0.3% (0.6% inflation-adjusted), but with the restrictions easing and overall economy improving, the increase accelerated to 8.3% (5.8% inflation-adjusted) and 12.3% (4.2% inflation-adjusted) in 2021 and 2022, respectively, while the construction activity stalled both in terms of authorizations and new dwellings started, widening the supply-demand gap in the market.

Following a surge in new completions in 2023, the pace of property price growth moderated, indicating potential stabilization. However, in 2024, the upward trend resumed, with house prices increasing by 8.5% year-on-year (6.3% inflation-adjusted), driven by a continued decline in second-hand properties offered for sale and insufficient new completions to meet rising demand.

20-year annual house price change (based on the annual residential property price index and the consumer price index):

Demand Highlights:

Resilient Buyer Interest Amid Limited Supply and Rising Prices

Residential demand in Ireland remains resilient, underpinned by steady population growth, a robust labor market, and rising disposable incomes. At the same time, persistent supply shortages continue to constrain market activity, limiting the pace of expansion despite sustained buyer interest. According to the CSO data, a total of 26,607 residential property transactions were filed in Ireland in the first five months of 2025, remaining virtually unchanged from the corresponding period in 2024. The total transaction value reached EUR 9.6 billion, marking an 8.94% year-on-year increase and reflecting a continued rise in property prices.

The vast majority of transactions involved existing homes, with 20,213 such transactions filed during the period, representing a 3.45% year-on-year decline. However, the value of transactions in this segment rose by 5.88% year-on-year. In contrast, new homes recorded positive dynamics across both volume and value, with the number of transactions increasing by 13.07% and the corresponding transaction value rising by 16.84% compared to the same period last year.

The latest property report from MyHome.ie, in association with the Bank of Ireland, highlights the impact of tight housing inventory on market dynamics: "Competition for homes is still intense, with an average time to sale agreed of just 2.6 months and the average home selling for 7.5% over the asking price." With the onset of the traditionally more active summer months, experts anticipate a gradual improvement in residential transactional activity over the short term.

Data Source: CSO.

Regionally, the number of residential transactions filed declined in 15 out of 26 counties, with the largest year-on-year contractions recorded in Roscommon (-20.91%), Offaly (-19.06%), and Leitrim (-17.65%). Conversely, Wicklow (34.21%), Louth (20.71%), and Monaghan (19.21%) posted the most notable year-on-year increases. Dublin remained the most active market, accounting for 31% of the total volume of transactions, with 8,379 properties sold between January and May 2025, representing a modest year-on-year rise of 1.86%.

Residential transactions filed, key submarkets:

Looking ahead, demand for housing in Ireland is expected to remain robust, supported by strong economic fundamentals and sustained population growth. Brian Hayes, Chief Executive of the Banking & Payments Federation of Ireland (BPFI), referencing the European Central Bank Consumer Expectations Survey (CES), noted that "almost one in five (17%) consumers in Ireland report that they were looking to rent or buy," the second-highest rate in Europe after the Netherlands (20.9%). Strong demand, particularly among first-time buyers, is also reflected in the substantial increase in applications received by the Revenue Commissioners for the Help to Buy scheme.

Supply Highlights:

Temporary Incentives Drive Short-Term Boost, Long-Term Gaps Persist

In response to the prolonged downturn in construction activity, the Irish Government introduced the Housing for All plan in 2021 - a comprehensive policy framework targeting the delivery of 300,000 new homes by 2030. While supply-side efforts have progressed, the pace of delivery continues to fall short of mounting demand.

Despite initial optimism, 2024 did not meet the Government's target of 40,000 new homes. Housing completions fell by 7.06% year-on-year to 30,206 units. Developers have pointed to several key constraints delaying project delivery. As Building Ireland Magazine notes, "bureaucratic planning regulations and lengthy approval times" continue to pose significant hurdles, while "rising costs of materials and labor shortages, exacerbated by global supply chain issues, are driving up expenses, and forcing some developers to pause or scale back projects." The analysis further highlights that "the shortage of affordable land, particularly in urban centers like Dublin, is intensifying competition between private developers and local authorities."

Although 2025 began on a stronger footing, with completions rising by 19.87% year-on-year in the first half of the year, reaching 15,149 dwellings, the market remains behind schedule relative to the annual Government target of 41,000 units. In its June 2025 quarterly bulletin, the Central Bank projected approximately 32,500 dwellings would be completed this year, rising to 37,500 in 2026 and 41,500 in 2027. However, as targets continue to be missed, some experts, including the Bank of Ireland chief economist Conall Mac Coille, warn that "some 50-60,000 units per year are needed to tackle the housing crisis."

Data Source: CSO.

The uptick in completions in early 2025 was largely supported by record-breaking housing commencements in 2024. According to the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, 69,060 commencement notices were lodged that year, marking a 111% year-on-year increase. Analysts attribute this rise to temporary government incentives such as the development levy waiver and the Uisce Éireann rebate, which eased financial pressures for developers.

However, following the expiration of the levy waiver in 2025, commencements declined sharply. Just 6,325 commencement notices were filed between January and June 2025, representing an 81.71% year-on-year drop. Government officials have downplayed concerns, emphasizing that this reduction reflects the expiration of temporary incentives rather than a downturn in market fundamentals. Taoiseach Micheál Martin stated: "I don't think [saying that housing commencement figures are going in the wrong direction] is fair. You have to look at the context. Last year was a record year [for housing commencements] because of the waiving of the development levies," adding that the Government had laid "foundational steps" for future growth and that there were "thousands and thousands of houses now in the pipeline."

Still, concerns remain around whether recent commencement volumes will translate into completed projects. Planning Permission Ireland cautioned that "last year's surge in housing commencement notices in Ireland has raised eyebrows, not because it signals a dramatic uptick in actual construction, but due to the influence of temporary government incentives <…> Filing a commencement notice is relatively low-cost, allowing developers to secure the financial benefits without committing to construction."

While short-term government measures such as increased public housing investment and streamlined planning processes have supported recent gains, long-term structural reforms will be essential to deliver sustained progress and address the underlying supply gap.

Data Sources: Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage.

Rental Market:

Persistent Inflation and Expansion of Rent Control

According to the CSO reporting, the rate of homeownership in Ireland has decreased over the last decade, from almost 70% in 2011 to 68% in 2016 and about 66% recorded during the most recent Census in 2022. At the same time, the nationwide share of tenants increased to nearly 29% (of which 18% rent from private landlords). In Dublin City, the share of households renting their residence is even higher at over 45%.

Ireland's rent price index:

Data Source: OECD.

In parallel with the expansion of the tenant pool, Ireland has been experiencing substantial rental inflation in recent years. The actual rentals for the housing component of the consumer price index (CPI) reported by the CSO increased by almost 75% between June 2015 and June 2015. While having moderated from double-digit levels observed in mid-2022, rental inflation in the country continues to notably outpace overall price growth, registering at 4.8% year-on-year in June 2025 for all rents paid by tenants, 4.6% for private rents, and 5.4% for local authority rents against 1.8% growth reported for the all-item CPI.

A sustained upward dynamic has also been observed for the national rental index by the property website Daft.ie, which demonstrated a 7.3% year-on-year and 3.4% quarter-on-quarter increase in Q1 2025. "This is the joint-second largest increase in market rents (after Q3 2022) on record, in a series that goes back 76 quarters," noted Ronan Lyons, Associate Professor in Economics at Trinity College Dublin, in his introduction to the latest Daft.ie report.

Data Source: CSO.

In nominal terms, data on properties listed at Daft.ie shows that the average asking rent in Ireland reached EUR 2,023 (USD 2,129) in Q1 2025. Among the key regional submarkets, the highest rent level outside the capital was registered in Limerick City at EUR 2,405 (USD 2,531), while Waterford City remained relatively more affordable at EUR 1,735 (USD 1,826). Within the capital region, average rents exceeded EUR 2,400 (USD 2,526) in all areas except Dublin County North.

Reflecting the pace of rental inflation, rental yields for apartments in Ireland have moderated somewhat, but remain high compared to many other European markets. The research conducted by Global Property Guide in June 2025 found gross rental yields at the average level of 7.50%, down from 7.76% previously reported in December 2024 and 8.10% in July 2024. Regionally, Cork (8.16%) continued to demonstrate higher potential performance compared to Dublin (6.84%).

Average asking rent by submarket:

The almost uninterrupted growth in rents across Ireland over the last decade is primarily tied to the insufficient supply of rental housing. Sherry FitzGerald, the country's largest estate agency, recently reported a net loss of approximately 42,300 rental properties owned by private investors between January 2020 and the end of March 2025, which highlights the ongoing trend of small landlords exiting the sector.

"Ireland's relatively stringent rent controls have led investors to seek more favorable markets in recent years," commented Marian Finnegan, Managing Director at Sherry FitzGerald. "While the upcoming changes to rent caps for new-build apartments in March 2026 are a positive development, attracting the level of private capital necessary to meet the demand for 56,000 new units annually will require far more robust incentives."

Aiming to balance tenant protections with the need to boost housing supply, the Irish government recently unveiled a rental sector reform package, which includes expansion of rent controls as well as measures to encourage investment in the sector and is expected to be fully implemented from March 2026.

Under the new regulation, the Rental Pressure Zones (RPZ) were expanded to include all private and student-specific accommodation tenancies across the country. For existing tenancies within RPZs, annual rent increases are capped at the level of inflation to a maximum of 2%. Apartments in new developments (commenced after June 10, 2025), however, will no longer be subject to the 2% cap, with allowed rent increases tied directly to inflation. Landlords will also be able to reset rents to market rates between tenancies.

Mortgage Market:

Supported by Lower Interest Rates, New Lending Rebounds

After a brief holdout earlier this year, the European Central Bank (ECB) continued its monetary policy easing cycle in June 2025, lowering the benchmark rates by 25 b.p. and bringing the deposit facility rate to 2.00%, the main refinancing operations rate to 2.15%, and the marginal lending facility rate to 2.40%. At the most recent policy meeting at the end of July, the regulator's governing council voted to maintain the rates at current levels, noting that inflation is at its medium-term target and domestic price pressures continue to ease, although the global environment remains "exceptionally uncertain, especially because of trade disputes".

Ireland's mortgage loan interest rates:

Data Source: ECB.

With lenders across Ireland adjusting their offers along with cuts to the ECB key rates, mortgage interest rates in the country continued to fall, now approaching early 2023 values. Experts anticipate further improvement of borrowing conditions in the upcoming months, as the market responds to the latest policy shifts. Some lenders have reportedly already started to advertise sub-3% mortgage rates, according to RTE. "This marks the first time mortgage rates have dipped below the 3% threshold since 2022, marking a significant milestone for Irish borrowers," commented Trevor Grant, chairperson of Irish Mortgage Advisors. "We'd expect more lenders to follow suit, with homeowners and house buyers set to enjoy substantial savings on their mortgages as a result."

Data Source: ECB.

Data from the ECB shows that the average interest rates on loans to households for house purchase in Ireland have decreased for both new and outstanding credit categories. Rates on new housing loans averaged at 3.58% in June 2025, down 0.5 p.p. year-on-year (but still above the sub-3% level observed before mid-2022). For outstanding loans, the average rate reached 3.46%, a 0.23 p.p. drop compared to June 2024. All initial rate fixation periods and maturities demonstrated the same trajectory.

Average interest rates on loans to households for house purchase:

The continued decrease in borrowing costs has had a positive impact on lending activity in the country. While the value of new housing loans previously decreased by 3.7% year-on-year in 2023 and 0.2% year-on-year in 2024, the trend appears to have reversed in 2025. In the first quarter of this year, the Central Bank of Ireland reported about EUR 2.3 billion (USD 2.4 billion) in new loans for house purchase to resident households, which was 30.9% above the comparable period last year.

The strong positive dynamic in new drawdowns is also confirmed by reporting from the Banking & Payments Federation Ireland (BPFI). According to the BPFI, 11,803 mortgages amounting to more than EUR 3.7 billion (USD 4.2 billion) were drawn by first-time buyers (FTB) in H1 2025 － the highest volume and value recorded for this category of borrowers since 2007 and 2006, respectively.

As demand for housing from first-time buyers in the country remains strong and borrowing conditions improve, experts anticipate further growth in lending activity, based on the latest approval figures. "Looking forward, FTB mortgage approval volumes rose by 5.4% to 15,736 in H1 2025, the highest H1 level since the data series began in 2011," noted Brian Hayes, BPFI Chief Executive.

Data Source: Central Bank of Ireland.

As for the overall size of the mortgage market, the Irish government's containment measures (including loan-to-income caps and loan-to-value requirements for different categories of buyers), combined with the global economic slowdown and elevated interest rates, resulted in its shrinking in recent years from estimated 65% of GDP in 2009 to 28% in 2015 and 15% in 2024.

According to the Central Bank of Ireland, the value of outstanding housing loans to domestic households reached EUR 85.7 billion (USD 90.2 billion) in Q1 2025. Only 2.9% of that amount was made up by loans on buy-to-let properties (BTL), illustrating a continued shift of the market towards owner-occupied properties (principal dwellings).

Typically structured as interest-only credit and seen by lenders as a riskier category, BTL mortgages in Ireland involve higher downpayment requirements and often higher interest rates than traditional housing loans. "There was a drastic drop in BTL mortgage transactions between 2007 and 2010, and they did not recover significantly during the 2010s. Moreover, the recent increase in rates makes BTL mortgages very expensive and the BTL business less attractive and, in some cases, not viable," explained Morningstar DBRS in their 2024 analysis.

Data Sources: Central Bank of Ireland, ECB.

Socio-Economic Context:

Renewed Growth Amid Elevated External Risks

Following a contraction in 2023, Ireland's economy rebounded and entered 2025 in a strong position. Driven by a recovery in exports, real GDP increased by 1.2% in 2024, and 3.4% and 2.5% growth rates are now projected for 2025 and 2026, respectively. Modified Domestic Demand (MDD), which is widely seen as a more accurate measure of Ireland's economic activity than GDP, posted a 2.7% growth in 2024, supported by a robust labor market and easing inflation.

The European Commission forecast notes, however, that high uncertainty and deterioration in global trading conditions are expected to detract from growth in the upcoming periods, as Ireland's deep economic ties to the US pose notable downward risks in the context of rising protectionism.

Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation in the country reached an annual level of 1.3% in 2024 (down from 5.2% in 2023 and 8.6% in 2022) and is expected to remain low at 1.6% in 2025 and 1.4% in 2026. The most recent reporting from the CSO showed the indicator at 1.8% in June 2025.

Data Source: IMF.

Ireland's labor market remains strong, serving as one of the key factors supporting macro-economic recovery, but shows signs of moderation, according to the European Commission's assessment. While employment in the country continued to grow in 2024, supported by a widening labor supply driven by high inward migration and increased participation, falling vacancy rates suggest a gradual easing of labor demand pressures.

Despite this, the unemployment rate is still close to historical lows and is expected to stay low over the forecast horizon, due to the still-tight labor market. The ILO unemployment rate for the population aged 15-74 was most recently reported by the CSO at 4.3% in Q1 2025, a marginal 0.2 p.p. uptick from the same period a year prior.

Data Source: CSO.

Overall, despite the significant impact of multinational enterprises on national accounts, the Irish economy has shown resilience amid higher interest rates and a weaker global economic backdrop. The 2024 general election reaffirmed the pro-business policies of the incumbent coalition government, providing stability for the nation's economic environment despite growing public frustration with long-standing social issues such as housing shortages, rising living costs, and underfunded public services.

In May 2025, Fitch Ratings affirmed Ireland's 'AA-' standing with a stable outlook, noting its strong institutions, high GDP per capita, budget surpluses, and steady debt decline. At the same time, the country remains vulnerable to the impact of US policies, as tariffs on pharmaceuticals will affect export demand, and possible changes to US corporate taxation could present a structural risk to its investment-dependent economic model.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) expressed a similar view on the outlook for the Irish economy, given its significant exposure to trade and investment shocks. "Ireland has achieved impressive results by building on its comparative advantages and enacting sound policies. Staying the course will require navigating uncertainties and addressing challenges. Entering 2025 in a strong position, the Irish domestic economy is expected to continue to grow, though at a slower pace against a global backdrop of high uncertainty and structural shifts," said the 2025 Article IV staff report from the IMF.

Sources:

1. The Government of Ireland
   1. June [2025] Monthly Commencements Data Published (Press Release): https://www.gov.ie/
   2. December 2024 Commencements: https://www.gov.ie/
   3. Housing For All: Building Homes Supporting Communities: https://www.gov.ie/
   4. Government to Introduce Major Reforms to the Rental Sector: https://www.gov.ie/
   5. Over 40,000 More Tenancies Now Benefit From Rent Controls as Rent Pressure Zones Expanded Nationwide: https://www.gov.ie/
2. Central Statistics Office (CSO)
   1. Press Statement Census 2022 Results Profile 2 - Housing in Ireland: https://www.cso.ie/
   2. Consumer Price Index June 2025: https://www.cso.ie/
   3. Labor Force Survey Quarter 1 2025: https://www.cso.ie/
   4. New Dwelling Completions Q2 2025: https://www.cso.ie/
   5. New Dwelling Completions Q4 2024: https://www.cso.ie/
3. Central Bank of Ireland
   1. Residential Property Price Index May 2025: https://www.cso.ie/
   2. Private Household Credit and Deposits: https://www.centralbank.ie/
   3. Retail Interest Rates: https://www.centralbank.ie/
   4. Mortgage Measures: https://www.centralbank.ie/
   5. Quarterly Bulletin No. 2 2025: https://www.centralbank.ie/
4. European Central Bank (ECB)
   1. ECB Data Portal: https://data.ecb.europa.eu/
   2. Key ECB Interest Rates: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/
   3. Monetary Policy Decisions, 5 June 2025: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/
   4. Monetary Policy Decisions, 24 July 2025: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/
5. International Monetary Fund (IMF)
   1. Country Overview: Ireland: https://www.imf.org/
   2. 2025 Article IV Staff Report: https://www.imf.org/
6. European Commission
   1. Economic Forecast for Ireland: https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/
7. Housing Ireland
   1. Challenges Abound As Government Housing Policy Aims To Accelerate Delivery: https://housingireland.ie/
8. Society of Chartered Surveyors Ireland (SCSI)
   1. Annual Residential Market Monitor, Review and Outlook 2025: https://scsi.ie/
9. Banking & Payments Federation Ireland (BPFI)
   1. BPFI Housing Market Monitor Q1 2025: https://bpfi.ie/
   2. BPFI Mortgage Drawdowns Report Q2 2025: https://bpfi.ie/
10. Building Ireland
    1. Despite Record Housing Construction Commencements in Ireland in 2024, Completions Still Fall Short CIS Report Reveals: https://buildingirelandmagazine.com/
11. Planning Permission Ireland
    1. Ireland's Housing Commencement Notices Hit Record Low in March 2025: What It Means for the Market: https://planningpermissionireland.ie/
12. Daft.ie
    1. The Daft.ie Rental Price Report: https://ww1.daft.ie/
    2. The Daft.ie House Price Report: https://ww1.daft.ie/
13. Myhome.ie
    1. Property Report Q2 2025: https://img.myhome.ie/
14. Sherry FitzGerald
    1. Press Release Q2 2025: https://www.sherryfitz.ie/
15. Morningstar DBRS
    1. Irish Residential Mortgage Market Update 2025: https://dbrs.morningstar.com/
    2. Irish Residential Mortgage Market Update 2024: https://dbrs.morningstar.com/
16. Fitch Ratings
    1. Fitch Affirms Ireland at 'AA'; Outlook Stable: https://www.fitchratings.com/
17. CNBC
    1. Ireland's Election Delivers Pro-Business Continuity Despite Voter Discontent: https://www.cnbc.com/
18. Irish Examiner
    1. Housing Completions Up 35%, but Still Fall Far Short of Ireland's Urgent Need, Experts Warn: https://www.irishexaminer.com/
19. The Irish Times
    1. Drop In Housing Commencements Was Expected After 'Record' Year, Taoiseach Says: https://www.irishtimes.com/
20. RTE
    1. Irish Mortgage Rates Now Fifth Highest in Euro Area: https://www.rte.ie/