The Thai price index for single detached houses dropped by 1.15% (-3.59% inflation-adjusted) during the year to end-Q2 2012, according to the Bank of Thailand (BOT), the country’s central bank. 

On a quarterly basis, it fell 1.81% (-3.03% inflation-adjusted) in Q2, the second consecutive quarterly decline.

However during the year to end-June 2012:

• The price index for townhouses rose 3.3%
• The price index for condominiums rose 6.8%
• The residential land price index increased by 0.5%

In the second quarter of 2012, total outstanding property credit rose by 11.7% to THB1.7 trillion (US$55 billion) compared to the same period last year, according to the Department of Land, Ministry of Interior.

The country’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth was up a stronger-than-expected 4.2% from the same period last year, with recovery from last year’s devastating floods. Despite external uncertainty, the domestic economy is expected to grow by a robust 5.7%, according to the BOT.

Condominium glut

In the third quarter of 2010, there was a sharp drop in housing transfers in Greater Bangkok, because of the expiry of property tax incentives in June, according to the Real Estate Information Centre (REIC). Transfers fell 42% from the previous quarter, with a large number of transfers rushed through before the tax incentives ended.

In the same quarter, developers launched more than 23,000 condominium units onto the market to release pent-up supplies, according to the Colliers International Thailand. The launches were mainly in the low to medium end market, with reduced unit sizes, compensating to some degree for increasing land prices throughout the city.

The take-up, however, has been low, with buyers are increasingly likely to shop around before making a decision, notes Colliers. In Bangkok, take-up rate in Q3 plunged by to 51% from 77% in Q2, and 67% in Q1.

Nevetherless new condominium units near mass-transit routes will see price spikes of at least 5% in 2011, accprding to the real estate development firm Supalai Plc, due to higher construction costs and land prices. Customers will have to accept price increases as land for new condominiums in areas close to mass transit is very scarce. On the other hand, stable prices are expected for low-rise units.

Decreasing yields

The average rental yield in Bangkok is now around 6.2% in May 2010, down from around 7.2% in 2009, according to the Global Property Guide research. Higher yields are realized from condominiums measuring between 45 and 80 sq. m., with yields of around 7%.

In Pattaya, foreigners are shifting from buying residences to renting, at monthly rentals ranging from THB 50,000 to THB 90,000, according to Clayton Wade of Premier Homes Real Estate. Demand for rentals in Pattaya grew strongly when the baht began strengthening against the US dollar.

Interest rate hikes

In July 2010, the BOT raised its key interest rate to 1.5% after maintaining it at 1.25% since April 2009. The rate was further increased by 25 basis points to 1.75% in August, and to 2% in December.

There were concerns, however, about the BOT’s timing, given the weak economy in October. Baht appreciation may occur as interest differentials with the US widen, while higher costs will hit borrowers when banks follow the rates increase. However so far, the Government Housing Bank (GHB) interest rate has been constant since May 2009, at 6.75%.

The BOT explained that a negative real interest rate is inappropriate when the economy is expanding. With the key rate at 2% and inflation around 3.4%, the real interest rate is -1.4%, suggesting that further interest rate rises may occur.

BOT’s preventive measures

The BOT has released new rules in response to public anxiety that Thailand faces the risk of another property bubble, particularly in the condominium sector.

The BOT’s new rules take effect in 2011 and 2012.

• for condominium units under THB 10 million (USD330,300), bank loans must be limited to 90% of a home’s value, from January 1 2011
• low-rise housing loan-to-value (LTV) ratios are capped at 95%, starting January 1, 2012.
• for larger loans, banks must increase risk weighting to between 75% and 100% of the loan value. At present, the risk weighting is set by the BOT for the property sector at 35%.

Risk weightings are used to calculate the minimum amount of capital required to support lending. The higher the risk, the greater capital is required by banks leading to increased overall costs in the form of higher interest rates.

Still no property bubble

In fact, a bubble is unlikely in the Thai property market as prices have risen naturally in the past three years, according to the Government Housing Bank (GHB), a state-owned lending agency. GHB’s president Khan Prachuabmoh insists that there is nothing unusual in the present situation, despite the substantial recent increases in low-end supply.

Real demand, not speculative demand, exists for low-rise housing below THB 3 million (USD99,100), which accounts for 70% of the market, according to Housing Business Association (HBA) president Issara Boonyong. The remaining 30% of demand comes from investors, who buy homes to generate rental income. The 23,000 registrations of new condo units in the first nine months of 2010, compares with 29,000 registrations of low-rise residences, adds Boonyong.

Demand for residential projects is expected to grow by at least 7% in 2011 despite the BOT´s measures to control the property sector, says Thongma Vijitphongpun, chief executive officer of Pruksa Real Estate.

The new rules are unlikely to affect demand, he adds, as down payments on residential projects are usually at least 10%. This is true for both condominiums and low-rise residences.

The low-rise residence market is expected to recover after the mass transit system expands to Bangkok’s neighboring provinces including Nonthaburi, Samut Prakan and Pathum Thani, according to deputy-governor Teerachon Manomaipibul of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration.

Demand for rental units in city condominiums continues to grow from both local and foreign tenants as returns are higher (6-10% per annum) compared to saving in a bank, since interest rates for saving deposits linger below 2%, according to Asian Property Development’s senior vice-president Poompat Sinacharoen.

Mortgage lending up!

Somewhat confirming this, the preliminary figures for personal housing credit in Q3 2010 stood at THB 1.058 trillion (USD35 billion), up by 14.7% y-o-y, according to the BOT. The strong growth may be due to the special mortgage campaign launched by the Siam Commercial Bank, the biggest mortgage lender in Thailand.

The campaign allows borrowers to pay monthly installments as low as THB 1,000 (USD33) in the first year for each THB 1 million (USD33,000) taken out, tied with a special interest rate of 1% during the period. The campaign was offered until the end of December 2010.

Outstanding mortgages were 11% percent of GDP in 2009, only a percentage point up from 2008.

Healthy economic growth

After GDP growth of 7.8% in 2010 and a contraction of 2.3% in 2009, GDP expanded by a meager 0.065% during 2011, mainly due to the floods that hit the country in October.

In the second quarter of 2012, the country’s gross domestic product rose 4.2% from the same period last year. However due to the eurozone crisis, exports fell 4.2% during the year to June, the fourth decline in just six months.

Despite external uncertainty, the domestic economy is expected to grow by a robust 5.7%, according to the Bank of Thailand (BOT), the country’s central bank.

The Thai tourism industry, which makes up about 6.5% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), has already recovered. During the first eight months of 2012, the total number of international arrivals in the country increased 8.7% to 14.34 million, fuelled by arrivals from the Middle East, Oceania, South Asia and Africa, according to the Department of Tourism (DOT).

The headline inflation is projected at 2.9% at between to 3.4% in 2012, according to National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB).  The BOT kept its policy interest rate unchanged at 3% at its September 5 meeting, after cutting the rate twice last November 2011 and January 2012 to help business after the floods.